Обзор рынка нержавеющей стали — 06.11.2018

Последний месяц не принес существенных перемен мировому рынку нержавеющей стали. На его баланс все такое же мощное влияние оказывают не только (и не столько) экономические, но и политические факторы. Причем торговые площадки моментально отыгрывают как негативные, так и позитивные изменения на мировой политической арене, не дожидаясь, пока они трансформируются в реальные экономические изменения. В результате волатильность расценок на никель остается высокой, а взлеты и обвалы цен на него – труднопрогнозируемыми.

Если говорить о мировом рынке нержавеющей стали, то его объемы продолжают расти. Согласно последним данным консалтинговой компании MEPS (Management Engineering & Production Services), глобальное производство нержавейки поставит в этом году новый рекорд, выйдя на уровень в 51,75 млн тонн. Данная цифра отличается от аналогичного майского прогноза MEPS на добавочные 1,25 млн тонн. Это свидетельствует о том, что мировое производство нержавеющей стали растет быстрее, чем это можно было предложить еще полгода назад. Основную лепту в данный процесс вносят китайские металлурги, которые в 2018 г. выдадут «на гора» более половины (53 %) всей выплавленной в мире нержавейки. В физическом отношении это должно составить порядка 27,3 млн тонн. По итогам первых трех кварталов текущего года Китай уже произвел 20,8 млн тонн нержавеющей стали, так что увеличить эту цифру до конца года еще на 6,5 млн тонн ему, похоже, особого труда не составит.

Динамика цен на нержавеющую сталь марки 304 2В (08Х18Н10) на рынках ЮВА и ЕС

Рис. 1. Динамика цен на нержавеющую сталь марки 304 2В (08Х18Н10) на рынках ЮВА и ЕС

Динамика котировок никеля (LME) и цен нержавеющей стали марки 304 2В (ЮВА, CFR)

Рис. 2. Динамика котировок никеля (LME) и цен нержавеющей стали марки 304 2В (ЮВА, CFR)

Если не произойдет какой-либо глобальной экономической катастрофы, то, судя по всему, уже в 2019 г. мировое производство нержавеющей стали вполне может выйти на уровень, превышающий 54-миллионный показатель. Основную часть этого прироста должны обеспечить Китай и Индонезия. Динамика производства нержавейки в других странах останется положительной, но будет выглядеть намного скромнее. В то же время мировой дисбаланс на торговых площадках, толкающий расценки на никель вверх, вполне может сохраниться и в следующем году. По данным WBMS (World Bureau of Metal Statistics), за восемь месяцев 2018 г. спрос на никель превысил предложение на 56,3 тыс. тонн, хотя производство этого металла по отношению к аналогичному периоду прошлого года было увеличено на 160 тыс. тонн. По предварительным прогнозам ощутимее всего спрос на никель в 2019 г. вырастет в сегменте автомобилестроения, благодаря увеличивающемуся производству аккумуляторов для электромобилей (прежде всего в КНР, США, ЕС и Японии), а также за счет масштабных инфраструктурных работ в Китае. Как ожидается, благодаря этому глобальный спрос на никель вырастет к 2027 г. в 6 раз (относительно 2018 г.).

Но все эти прогнозы основываются на относительно благополучном развитии китайской промышленности и экономики. Итог торговой войны между США и КНР может быть самым разным, но с большой долей вероятности можно предвидеть, что в случае вступления в действие обещанных 25 % заградительных пошлин на китайские товары общей стоимостью 200 млрд долларов, мировые торговые площадки начнет серьезно лихорадить, что неизбежно скажется как на спросе, так и на ценах.

 

Издательство "Металлика"

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